Cytology

Histopathology is the branch of pathology that involves the microscopic examination of tissues to study the manifestations of disease. It plays a crucial role in medical diagnosis, particularly in identifying abnormalities such as cancer, inflammatory conditions, infections, and degenerative diseases. Tissue samples are typically obtained through biopsy or surgical procedures, then processed, sectioned, and stained—most commonly using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)—to highlight cellular structures for examination under a microscope.

List Of Tests

Pap Smear (Papanicolaou Test)

Purpose: Screening for cervical cancer and precancerous changes.

Sample: Cervical/vaginal cells.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)

Purpose: Evaluate lumps or masses (e.g., breast, thyroid, lymph nodes).

Sample: Cells obtained by a thin needle.

Body Fluid Cytology

Type: Pleural fluid, Peritoneal (ascitic) fluid, Pericardial fluid

Purpose: Detect malignancy, infection, inflammation.

Urine Cytology

Purpose: Screen for bladder cancer or detect abnormal cells in urine.

Bronchial Washings/Brushings and Sputum Cytology

Purpose: Diagnose lung infections or cancer.

CSF Cytology

Purpose: Detect malignant cells or infections in cerebrospinal fluid.

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