Immunology & Serology

Immunology and serology are interconnected branches of biomedical science that focus on the body’s immune system and its response to pathogens, as well as the detection of antibodies and antigens in bodily fluids. Immunology is the broader field that studies how the immune system defends the body against infections, autoimmune disorders, allergies, and immunodeficiencies. It involves both the innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immune responses and investigates the roles of cells like lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, along with various immune mediators such as cytokines and antibodies.

List Of Tests

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)

Purpose: Detects autoantibodies that attack the cell nucleus.

Use: Diagnosing autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

Purpose: Detects antibodies linked to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Use: Diagnosing RA and other autoimmune diseases.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Purpose: Measures inflammation levels in the body.

Use: Monitoring infections and chronic inflammatory conditions.

Complement Tests (C3, C4)

Purpose: Measures the activity of the complement system.

Use: Diagnosing autoimmune diseases like lupus.

Immunoglobulin Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE)

Purpose: Measures levels of different types of antibodies.

Use: Diagnosing immunodeficiency, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.

HIV Antibody/Antigen Test (HIV 1/2, p24 antigen)

Purpose: Screens for HIV infection.

Use: Diagnosis and early detection of HIV.

Hepatitis Serology Panel

Includes: HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HCV Ab, etc.

Use: Diagnosing hepatitis A, B, and C infections.

Syphilis Tests (VDRL, RPR, TPHA)

Purpose: Detects antibodies produced in response to Treponema pallidum.

Use: Screening and confirmation of syphilis.

TORCH Panel

Includes: Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus.

Use: Screening pregnant women for infections that can harm the fetus.

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COVID-19 Antibody Test

Purpose: Detects past exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Use: Determining immunity or prior infection.

Allergy Testing (RAST or ImmunoCAP)

Purpose: Identifies specific allergens triggering allergic reactions.

Use: Diagnosing allergies to food, pollen, dust, etc.

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