Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. It serves as a bridge between biology and chemistry, providing a molecular-level understanding of how cells and tissues function. Biochemistry focuses on the structure, composition, and function of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and enzymes. These molecules play vital roles in metabolic pathways, cell signaling, genetic expression, and energy production.

List Of Tests

Electrolyte Panel

Purpose: Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺), Chloride (Cl⁻), Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)

Use: Fluid balance, kidney function, acid-base balance

Kidney Function Tests (Renal Profile)

Purpose: Urea / Creatinine / Uric acid / eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)

Use: Evaluate kidney function and detect renal disease.

Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Includes: ALT (Alanine transaminase) / AST (Aspartate transaminase) / ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) / GGT (Gamma-glutamyl transferase) / Bilirubin (total and direct) / Albumin and Total Protein

Purpose: Diagnose and monitor liver conditions.

Blood Glucose Tests

Includes: Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) / Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) / Random Blood Sugar (RBS) / HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)

Purpose: Diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.

Calcium and Bone Profile

Includes: Total and ionized calcium / Phosphate / Vitamin D / Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Purpose: Assess bone metabolism, parathyroid function.

Lipid Profile

Includes: Total Cholesterol / LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) / HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) / Triglycerides

Purpose: Evaluate cardiovascular risk.

Thyroid Function Tests

Includes: TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) / Free T3, Free T4

Purpose: Diagnose thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism)

Enzyme Assays

Includes: Amylase, Lipase, CK-MB, LDH

Purpose: Pancreatic disorders (amylase/lipase), cardiac injury (CK-MB, LDH)

Protein and Albumin Levels

Includes: Total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio

Purpose: Liver/kidney function, nutritional status.

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Tumor Markers

Includes: PSA (Prostate), AFP (Liver), CA-125 (Ovarian), CEA (Colon)

Purpose: Cancer screening and monitoring.

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